In early 2007, there were approximately 140 living wage ordinances in place throughout the United States. Communities around the country frequently debate new proposals of this sort. Additionally, as a result of ballot initiatives, twenty-nine states and the District of Columbia, representing nearly 70 percent of the total U.S. population, maintain minimum wage standards above those set by the federal minimum wage. In A Measure of Fairness, Robert Pollin, Mark Brenner, Jeannette Wicks-Lim, and Stephanie Luce assess how well living wage and minimum wage regulations in the United States serve the workers they are intended to help. Opponents of such measures assert that when faced with mandated increases in labor costs, businesses will either lay off workers, hire fewer low-wage employees in the future, replace low-credentialed workers with those having better qualifications or, finally, even relocate to avoid facing the increased costs being imposed on them. The authors give an overview of living wage and minimum wage implementation in Louisiana, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Massachusetts, and Connecticut to show how these policies play out in the paychecks of workers, in the halls of legislature, and in business ledgers. Based on a decade of research, this volume concludes that living wage laws and minimum wage increases have been effective policy interventions capable of bringing significant, if modest, benefits to the people they were intended to help.

List of Tables and Figures p. ix Preface p. xiii Part 1 What Are the Questions? p. 1 1 Introduction p. 3 2 The Economic Logic and Moral Imperative of Living Wages p. 14 3 Debating Living Wage Laws: Paul Krugman versus Robert Pollin p. 34 Part 2 Impacts on Business p. 43 4 A $6.15 Minimum Wage for New Orleans: What It Would Have Meant for Businesses p. 49 5 The Santa Fe Citywide Living Wage Measure: The Impact on Business of the $8.50 Standard p. 70 6 Spending Injections from the Arizona Minimum Wage Increase: How Businesses Benefit p. 102 Part 3 Benefits to Workers and Families p. 107 7 What Is a Living Wage? Considerations for Santa Monica, California p. 111 8 How Santa Monica Workers Would Have Benefited from a $10.75 Living Wage p. 118 9 How Workers and Their Families Will Benefit from the Arizona Minimum Wage Increase p. 134 Part 4 Retrospective Analysis p. 143 10 Living Wage Laws in Practice: Retrospective Studies on Boston, Hartford, and New Haven p. 147 Part 5 Technical Studies and Debates p. 193 11 Mandated Wage Floors and the Wage Structure: New Estimates of the Ripple Effects of Minimum Wage Laws p. 199 12 Employment Effects of Higher Minimum Wages: A State-by-State Comparative Analysis p. 216 13 Comments on Aaron Yelowitz, "Santa Fe''s Living Wage Ordinance and the Labor Market" p. 223 14 Detecting the Effects of Living Wage Laws: A Comment on Neumark and Adams p. 233 Notes p. 253 References p. 271 Acknowledgments p. 279 Index p. 283