The combined effects of policy reforms to attract and/or retain teachers, and financial constraints in the context of the economic downturn in 2008 may explain part of the recent trends in teachers’ salaries: decreases in statutory salaries and smaller salary gaps between levels of education. Nevertheless, statutory and/or actual salaries increased significantly in some countries between 2005 and 2014, even if in 2014 teachers’ actual salaries remain lower than those of tertiary-educated workers in most countries.