Despite the strong interest in skills mismatch, an internationally agreed methodology to measure the phenomenon is lacking and methodological discussions are on-going. At the same time, matching of jobs and skills is a major factor shaping labour market outcomes, and monitoring of levels and trends of skills mismatch is important to inform labour market policy development including labour migration and integration policy. In this Technical Report, which is part of the larger efforts that the ILO is undertaking to contribute to the understanding and quantification of skills mismatch, several methodologies are used to analyse trends at the country level. The report also assesses differences in skills mismatch risk between groups of workers identified by age, sex or country of birth.

Preface List of figures List of tables 1. Introduction 2. Skills mismatch in the literature 2.1 Measures of skills mismatch in this report 3. Incidence of skills mismatch 3.1 Average skills mismatch by age group and sex 3.2 Country-level skills mismatch 3.3 Trends in country-level skills mismatch 4. Immigrants and skills mismatch 4.1 Immigration, education and employment 4.2 Skills mismatch 5. Concluding remarks References