The past 40 years have witnessed significant changes to work arrangements globally. Overall, the changes have been characterised by less contract duration and job security, more irregular working hours (both in terms of duration and consistency), increased use of third parties (temporary employment agencies), growth of various forms of dependent self-employment (like subcontracting and franchising) and also bogus/informal work arrangements (i.e. arrangements deliberately outside the regulatory framework of labour, social protection and other laws).

1. Introduction 2. Evidence on the health effects of non-standard work 2.1 Temporary work 2.2 Triangular/temporary agency work 2.3 Home-based work 2.4 Part-time work 2.5 Dependent self-employment and subcontracting 2.6 Bogus/undeclared work and the informal sector 2.7 The nexus between non-standard work and vulnerable workers 3. The hazardous characteristics of non-standard work 3.1 Economic insecurity and reward pressures 3.2 Disorganisation 3.3 Regulatory failure and social welfare gaps 4. Policy responses and recommendations References Conditions of Work and Employment Series